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@#<b>Objective</b> To determine the effectiveness of quality control measures in the laboratory by participating in the national personal dose monitoring ability assessment, and to improve personal dose monitoring ability and quality. <b>Methods</b> According to the requirements of the National Personal Dose Monitoring Ability Assessment Program and standards, seven groups of personal dosimeter were prepared and irradiated by accurate radiation source as requested, and the dose was measured by the laboratory participating in the assessment. The data were processed, and the uncertainty of the measurement results was evaluated. <b>Results</b> In 2018, the assessment results <i>H</i><sub>p</sub> (10) dose range was 0.68-4.27 mSv, the single group performance deviation was −0.01 to −0.06, and the comprehensive performance deviation was 0.04, and the result was qualified. In 2019, the assessment results <i>H</i><sub>p</sub> (10) dose range was 0.74-8.06 mSv, the single group performance deviation was 0.00 to −0.08, and the comprehensive performance deviation was 0.04, and the result was qualified. In 2020, the assessment results <i>H</i><sub>p</sub>(10) dose range was 0.83-3.93 mSv, the single group performance deviation was −0.01 to −0.10, and the comprehensive performance deviation was 0.06, and the result was excellent. <b>Conclusion</b> The personal dose monitoring system in our laboratory runs smoothly, and the monitoring results are accurate and reliable. The laboratory can issue test reports that meet the requirements of national standards.
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Objective:To explore the reform path of clinical laboratory technical talents training in local universities under the background of "New Medicine".Methods:The present situation of medical laboratory technical personnel training under the background of "New Medicine" was analyzed, and the teaching mode, teaching platform and practical teaching were reformed according to the reality of Guizhou Medical University.Results:An open education system of "healthcare-education collaboration and academia-industry alliances" and the talent training mode of "three-oriented drive, four-sided integration" had been formed, which improved the training quality and provided a large number of qualified medical laboratory technical undergraduate talents to the grass-roots of Guizhou Medical System.Conclusion:The reform and practice of applied talent training in Guizhou Medical University can be used as a reference for local colleges and universities to educate applied medical laboratory technical talents.
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Objective:To compare the consistency of tomographic infrared spectrum analysis with conventional infrared spectrum analysis for the composition analysis of large-volume of urinary stones in vitro.Methods:Postoperative urinary stone specimens collected from 105 patients admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were analyzed, including 81 (77.14%) kidney stones, 16 (15.24%) ureteral stones, and 8 (7.62%) bladder stones. All stones measured ≥0.8 cm in maximum diameter on preoperative imaging. Eighty-four specimens, which were mainly stone fragments, were collected from percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy. These 84 specimens were analyzed and retested for stone composition using conventional infrared spectrum analysis by random multiple sampling. Other 21 renal stone specimens were obtained by laparoscopic lithotomy or standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy after November 1, 2020. These 21 specimens had a maximum diameter of ≥0.8 cm measured postoperatively. Based on intraoperative observation, stone specimens with typical layered structures were chosed. Then, all 21 samples were analyzed and retested by conventional infrared spectrum analysis and tomographic infrared spectrum analysis, respectively. When using tomographic infrared spectrum analysis, we need to take two maximum cross sections with a vertical spacing of these sections >2 mm, then perform multiple points sampling according to the morphological stratification of the first section. If the section's structure was homogeneous, we equidistantly took 2 to 3 samples from the center to the periphery. Otherwise, every layer needed to take a stone sample according to the stratification. Putting all the results of one section together, we obtained complete tomographic infrared spectrum analysis data. Take another coaxial cross-section of the same specimen for retesting. We recorded the characteristics of the three-dimensional distribution of stone composition in 21 stone specimens. Meanwhile, we compared the consistency of the results of conventional infrared spectrum analysis and tomographic infrared spectrum analysis for the same sample.Results:The consistency rate of the conventional infrared spectrum analysis was 56.19% (59/105), and that of tomographic infrared spectrum analysis was 80.95% (17/21). The difference in consistency between two methods was statistically significant ( χ2=4.447, P=0.035). Among 21 specimens, the consistency rate of conventional infrared spectrum analysis was 38.10% (8/21), which was significantly lower than that of tomographic infrared spectrum analysis ( χ2=7.814, P=0.005). Regarding the characteristics of the three-dimensional distribution of the components, the color and crystal morphology of five common types of stone components were different, and layered structure in the cross-section of the stones were observed. When the calculi were of the same composition, they were displayed in different morphology. We observed a trending change in the composition ratio between sublayers from the center to the edge in some compound-composition stones. Conclusions:For the composition analysis of larger-volume urinary stones, tomographic infrared spectrum analysis showed a higher consistency of retesting than conventional infrared spectrum analysis, and the three-dimensional distribution of stone composition had some characteristic features.
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Objective:To study the relationship of pathogenic bacteria in midstream urine culture and stone composition of patients characteristics with infection stones.Methods:Between January 2016 and December 2020, 989 patients with infectious stones who attended Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, affiliated with Tsinghua University, for surgical treatment were enrolled in the study. There were 545 male and 444 female patients, with the mean age (48±14) years. The left and right side stones were 396 and 333, respectively. There were 260 bilateral stones, 264 single stones, 334 multiple stones, and 391 deer-stalker-shaped stones. The maximum diameter of stones was (33.4±26.5)mm, combined with diabetes in 109 cases and hypertension in 235 cases. Clean middle-urine was collected for bacterial culture, and intraoperative stone specimens were collected by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Personal characteristics of the patient such as gender, age, body mass index, clinical information such as stone size, location, comorbidities, results of urine culture and stone composition were recorded. The differences of infectious stone composition was analyzed between urease-producing, non-urease-producing bacteria.Results:Among the 989 patients with infectious stones, 259 were pure infectious stones, 131 were mixed infectious stones, and 599 were combined with infectious stone components. Urine cultures were positive in 627(63.4%) patients with infectious stones. The predominant urease-producing bacteria included Ureaplasma urealyticum(94 case), Proteus mirabilis(58 case), and Staphylococcus spp.(36 case). Pure infectious stones were common in Proteus mirabilis, while combined with infectious stone components were common in Ureaplasma urealyticum and Staphylococcus spp. The predominant non-urease-producing bacteria included Escherichia coli(175 case), Enterococcus spp.(76 case) and Streptococcus spp.(35 case). Escherichia coli commonly contained in infectious stone components and pure infectious stones, whereas Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. commonly contained in infectious stone components. Escherichia coli (61 case), Proteus mirabilis (44 case) and Enterococcus spp.(20 case) were the most common bacteria in 259 cases of pure infectious stones. Escherichia coli (36 case), Enterococcus spp. (14 case) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (10 case) were the most common bacteria in 131 cases of mixed infectious stones. The most common bacteria in 599 cases of combined infectious stones were Escherichia coli (78 case), Ureaplasma urealyticum (68 case) and Enterococcus spp. (42 case).Conclusions:Urease producing bacteria were not common in infectious stones. It was common for the Ureaplasma urealyticum in combined infectious stone components, while Escherichia coli was common in pure and combined infectious stone components.
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Objective:To explore the early warning value of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) positivity in liver transplantation recipients with rectal swabs, examine the risk factors of CRKP bloodstream infection and provide the relevant treatments.Methods:From June 2018 to December 2019 in Organ Transplantation Research Institute Affiliated Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 148 cases of liver transplantation recipients with positive CRKP rectal swabbing were recruited. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. And the risk factors of CRKP bloodstream infections were examined for intervention and non-intervention groups to observe the effect of interventions of CRKP bloodstream infections.Results:Among them, 23 cases (15.5%) were positive for CRKP and 5 cases (21.7%) were infected with CRKP bloodstream. Rectal swab culture was negative in 125 cases and no bloodstream infection occurred. Long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, severe basic diseases (severe hepatitis), postoperative delayed graft liver function recovery, acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) and postoperative anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction were risk factors. In intervention group, there were 2 cases (11.1%) of 18 patients with positive CRKP in rectal swab culture in late stage. Among 5 CRKP-positive recipients without intervention, 3 cases (60%) developed later CRKP bloodstream infection. The incidence of bloodstream infection was significantly lower in intervention group than that in non-intervention group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Rectal swab culture for liver transplantation recipients provides early warning for CRKP bloodstream infection. Interventions for CRKP positive high-risk recipients with rectal swab culture may reduce the occurrence of CRKP bloodstream infection and lower the risk of CRKP bloodstream infection in liver transplantation recipients.
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Objective:To explore the intervention effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),which resembles human rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,including blank control group,CIA model group and MG132-treated group.There were sixteen rats in each group.Rats in CIA model group and MG132-treated model group were injected with type Ⅱ collagen to established CIA rats.21 days after the initial immunization,the rats in the MG132-treated model group were injected subcutaneously with 1 mg/kg MG132 once daily for 2 weeks.42 days after the initial immunization,the change of paw-swelling and the arthritis scores were determined.The synovial pathology examination was performed with HE staining.The 20S proteasome activity in synovial tissue was measured by fluorescence substrate assay.The expression of NF-κB/p65,IκBα in synovial tissue were analyzed by Western blot.Results:Proteasome inhibitor MG132 significantly attenuated the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.Compared with the blank control group,the 20S proteasome activity was increased significantly in the CIA model group(P<0.05),and decreased after injection of MG132.Compared with CIA rats,the expression of NF-κB/p65 significantly decreased in rats treated with MG132(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the expression of IκBα protein decreased in CIA model group.After injected with MG132,the protein was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The proteasome inhibitor MG132 may attenuates the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.These effects may be mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB activity.
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Objective To assess the value of hepatic venous pressure gradient in the evaluation of early postoper﹣ative hemorrhage after endoscopic esophageal varices ligation (EVL). Methods 120 cases of rebleeding after EVL from January 2014 to January 2015 as subjects. Collect and study clinical indexes such as the venous pressure gra﹣dient, then used logistic regression analysis method to analyze the threshold assessment. Results Drinking, hemor﹣rhage in early stage, bilirubin, heart rate, blood transfusion, child Pugh score and MELD score were significant dif﹣ferences (P< 0.05); HVPG=16.98 mmHg, for the prediction of rebleeding threshold, and in the time of the highest predictive accuracy. Conclusion The hepatic venous pressure gradient has an accurate evaluation value for early postoperative hemorrhage after endoscopic esophageal varices ligation.
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Objective To explore the effect of different speed of bladder irrigation after transurethral resection of prostate.Methods 477 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia,who received transurethral resection surgery were collected.According to the date of surgery,they were divided into observation group(in a single day,249 cases)and control group(double day,228 cases).The normal saline was used in the two groups,and the control group was washed with the conventional bladder irrigation,and the observation group was treated with the early rapid(no speed limit opening)and the routine velocity alternating flushing.The incidence of bladder spasm,the incidence of bladder spasm,the bleeding of bladder and the changes of heart rate and the mean arterial pressure of 24h were compared. Results Urine turned clear time,the total fluid,postoperative 5d red blood cell count of the observation group[(19.8 ± 8.3)h,(44.7 ±6.1)L,(25.8 ±11.3)months/μL]were significantly lower than the control group[(25.4 ±9.0)h, (52.3 ±7.4)L,(33.4 ±10.1)months/μL],the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t =-6.270,-2.417,-10.459,all P 0.05).Conclusion The early rapid and conventional alternating washing method can improve the seizure of bladder spasm after prostatectomy,and reduce the bleeding of bladder.
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O bjective Different degrees of oxidative stress may exist in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).The aim of this study was to explore the roles of oxidative stress and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in the development and progression of DM in the rat model of type 1 DM (T1DM). Methods We established the T1DM model in 23 male SD rats and in-cluded another 17 in the control group .We determined the total anti-oxidation capacity ( T-AOC) and the levels of super-oxide dis-mutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by chromatometry, and measured that of VEGF by ELISA. Results At 7 weeks after modeling, the level of fasting blood glucose(FBG) was significantly increased in the T1DM rats as com-pared with the controls ([23.01 ±3.62] vs [5.08 ±0.46] mmol/L, P0.05).FBG was correlated positively with MDA (r=0.51) and VEGF (r=0.47) but negatively with GSH (r=-0.71) and SOD (r=-0.40), while serum VEGF positively with MDA (r=0.32) and negatively with GSH ( r=-0.34 ) in the experimental rats . Conclusion Peroxidation is increased and the anti-oxidation mecha-nism weakened during the development and progression of T 1DM, which is closely related to hyperglycemia .High VEGF is associated with hyperglycemia and enhanced peroxidation .
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Objective To study NF-κB ODN decoy-treated DC on type Ⅱ collagen- induced arthritis(CIA) serum IFN-γ,IL-10 and anti B Ⅱ C antibody and its mechanism.Methods Type Ⅱ collagen induced arthritic rats was established.NF-κB decoy-treated DC loaded with B Ⅱ C from rat spleen were injected to CIA rats via the tail vein at 5 days after the initial immunization.The rats were divided into control group,CIA model group and B Ⅱ C-decoy-DC experimental groups.Forty-two days after the initial immunization,the arthritis scores were determined,the ankle pathology examination were performed and the levels of the serum IFN-γ,IL-10,anti-Ⅱ collagen antibody were determined using ELISA.Results The levels of IFN-γ and anti-B Ⅱ C antibody in serum of CIA model group were increased significantly and IL-10 was decreased significantly (P＜0.05,vs control group).After received with NF-κB ODN decoy inducing DC loaded with B Ⅱ C,the levels of IFN-γ and anti-B Ⅱ C antibody in serum of B Ⅱ C-decoy-DC experimental groups were decreased significantly and IL-10 was increased significantly (P＜0.05,vs CIA model group).Conclusion NF-κB decoy-treated DC loaded with B Ⅱ C had significantly inhibited IFN-γ and anti-B Ⅱ C antibody production and promoted increased levels of IL-10,and had a good curative effect on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the level of exposure of mercury (Hg) miners and smelter workers to elemental mercury (Hg0) vapor in China, who work in Hg mines without using protective equipment against Hg0 vapor. In addition, the level of methylmercury (MeHg) intake by the workers was estimated from the MeHg concentration in their hair. Methods: Urinary total mercury (THg) and hair THg and MeHg concentrations were measured in 26 Hg miners and smelter workers (i.e., exposed group), and 48 unexposed people (unexposed group). Results: The exposed group showed high geometric mean THg concentrations in urine (258 ng/ml, 226 μg/g creatinine) and hair (20.0 μg/g). The urinary THg concentration of the smelter workers in particular was extremely high (338 μg/g creatinine in urine). The highest urine THg concentration reached 4577 μg/g creatinine. THg concentrations in urine and hair showed a significant correlation in the exposed group (r=0.62), indicating the adhesion of Hg0 vapor to hair. However, no such significant correlation was found in the unexposed group. Hair MeHg concentration in the exposed group (1.97 μg/g) was about threefold higher than that in the unexposed group (0.60 μg/g). Conclusions: This study shows that smelter workers in a Chinese Hg mine are exposed to extremely high levels of Hg0 vapor, and that Hg miners are exposed to higher levels of MeHg than the unexposed subjects. Further study is needed to determine the cause of the higher hair MeHg concentration in the exposed group.
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Hair , Mercury , WorkforceABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to determine the level of exposure of mercury (Hg) miners and smelter workers to elemental mercury (Hg(0)) vapor in China, who work in Hg mines without using protective equipment against Hg(0) vapor. In addition, the level of methylmercury (MeHg) intake by the workers was estimated from the MeHg concentration in their hair.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Urinary total mercury (THg) and hair THg and MeHg concentrations were measured in 26 Hg miners and smelter workers (i.e., exposed group), and 48 unexposed people (unexposed group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The exposed group showed high geometric mean THg concentrations in urine (258 ng/ml, 226 μg/g creatinine) and hair (20.0 μg/g). The urinary THg concentration of the smelter workers in particular was extremely high (338 μg/g creatinine in urine). The highest urine THg concentration reached 4577 μg/g creatinine. THg concentrations in urine and hair showed a significant correlation in the exposed group (r=0.62), indicating the adhesion of Hg(0) vapor to hair. However, no such significant correlation was found in the unexposed group. Hair MeHg concentration in the exposed group (1.97 μg/g) was about threefold higher than that in the unexposed group (0.60 μg/g).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study shows that smelter workers in a Chinese Hg mine are exposed to extremely high levels of Hg(0) vapor, and that Hg miners are exposed to higher levels of MeHg than the unexposed subjects. Further study is needed to determine the cause of the higher hair MeHg concentration in the exposed group.</p>
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Human tissue typing methods were employed in developing a porcine allotransplantation model. 23 Chinese Sichuan White Pigs(2-3 months old, 17.5+/-4.6kg, with clear family background) were selected for tissue typing, ABO blood type cross reaction, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) cross reaction and one way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). 6 pairs of swine that showed better matching results were selected as donors and recipients. Single-kidney orthotopic transplantation was conducted after removing both kidneys of the recipient. Five recipients showed low matching results (MLR ranging from 2175 to 3560, CDC from 1 to 4); of them, 2 died of operation, 2 died of acute renal tubular necrosis and accelerating rejection 4 days after operation respectively, and 1 died of acute renal tubular necrosis 4 days after operation. 6 recipients showed high matching results (MLR ranging from 982 to 1916, CDC from 2 to 4); of them, 1 died of anaesthesia during operation, 3 died of accelerating rejection and acute rejection 2 weeks after operation respectively, 1 had good kidney function, and 1 presented weak rejection 1 week after operation but the kidney function came back to normal afterwards. Human tissue typing methods could be adopted in developing the porcine model. Hyperacute rejection could be avoided by screening ABO blood type, CDC and MLR tests. However, based on these primary data, it was hard to evaluate the predictive values of CDC and one-way MLR for accelerating rejection, acute rejection and graft chronic dysfunction. Further research by expanding experiments in these aspects is still going on.